Electron energy spectrum in the field-ionized plasma

In this article, the effect of ionization on the energy spectrum of electrons within the interaction of a laser pulse with hydrogen atoms is investigated using particle-in-cell simulation codes. The results show that the behaviour of electrons' energy distribution function in the field-ionized plasma, which occurred due to the field ionization, compared with that in the pre-plasma strongly depends on the pulse shape. For short rise-time pulses (here 30 fs), due to the rapid enhancement of laser electric field, ionization occurs quickly, and as a result, there is not much difference in the electron energy in both the media. However, for pulses with rise time of 40 fs, in the pre-plasma state, the electron population reaches higher energies compared with the field-ionized plasma state. The main reason for this difference is the nonlinear wave breaking that happens earlier due to density inhomogeneity in the field-ionized plasma. On the other hand, at longer rise-time pulses (here 60 and 70 fs), electrons achieve higher energies in the field-ionized plasma than those in the case of pre-plasma. In this case, because of density fluctuations in the field-ionized plasma, the Raman backscattered radiations are seeded by a strong initial noise at the earlier times and the Mendonca condition for chaos threshold is met sooner. Therefore, the electrons gain more energy through the stochastic mechanism that is in agreement with chaotic nature of the motion.     

Essential support of Green biset functors via morphisms

Archiv der Mathematik - In this note, we introduce a criterion to detect vanishing of essential algebras of a Green biset functor by means of morphisms. We introduce the inflation morphism and...     

Well-posedness of two pseudo-parabolic problems for electrical conduction in heterogeneous media

We prove a well-posedness result for two pseudo-parabolic problems, which can be seen as two models for the same electrical conduction phenomenon in heterogeneous media, neglecting the magnetic field. One of the problems is the concentration limit of the other one, when the thickness of the dielectric inclusions goes to zero. The concentrated problem involves a transmission condition through interfaces, which is mediated by a suitable Laplace-Beltrami type equation.     

Investigation of Relationships between Grain Structure and Inhomogeneous Deformation by Means of Laboratory-Based Multimodal X-Ray Tomography: Strain Accuracy Analysis

Experimental Mechanics - The internal strain distribution developing during plastic deformation is important for understanding the mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials. Such...     

STEADY-STATE CREEP OF A LONG NARROW MEMBRANE INSIDE A HIGH RIGID MATRIX AT VARIABLE TRANSVERSE PRESSURE

Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics - This paper describes a problem of steady-state creep of a long narrow rectangular membrane in the case of a linear dependence between the...     

Phase Transitions in Frustrated ErBaCo4O7 + x (x = 0–0.06) Cobaltites at a Small Deviation from Stoichiometry

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The structural (lattice metric) and elastic characteristics of ErBaCo4O7 + x cobaltites, which are subjected to different heat treatment and are...     

A Nonclinical Spectroscopic Approach for Diagnosing Covid-19: A Concise Perspective

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - With the COVID-19 outbreak, many challenges are posed before the scientific world to curb this pandemic. The diagnostic testing, treatment, and vaccine development...     

Effect of External Factors on the Ferromagnetic Resonance Line Width in Exchange-Biased Structures

Physics of the Solid State - The external factors which influence the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) line width in bilayer (ferromagnet/antiferromagnet) exchange-biased systems are studied. The...     

Quasi-solid state microscopic dynamics in equilibrium classical liquids: Self-consistent relaxation theory

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics - In the framework of the concept of time correlation functions, we develop a self-consistent relaxation theory of the transverse collective particle dynamics...     

Crystal Structure of Decakis(μ-chloro)-tetrakis(1,2,4-triphenylcyclopentadienyl)-hexakis(tetrahydrofuran)-di-potassium-tetra-neodymium(III) Tetrahydrofuran Trisolvate

Journal of Chemical Crystallography - The crystal structure of decakis(μ-chloro)-tetrakis(1,2,4-triphenylcyclopentadienyl)-hexakis(tetrahydrofuran)-di-potassium-tetra-neodymium(III)...